Rent Arrears Framework — England and Wales
Updated

This guidance reflects the Renters' Rights Act 2025, in force from 1 May 2026. What has changed?

The Rent Arrears Framework

A structured guidance framework for handling rent arrears situations in the private rental sector of England and Wales.

The six stages

  • 1 Early Arrears
  • 2 Initial Communication
  • 3 Managed Arrears
  • 4 Formal Notice Stage
  • 5 Recovery and Escalation
  • 6 Legal Proceedings

What is the Rent Arrears Framework?

Rent arrears are one of the most common issues in the private rental sector. When there is no clear process for managing them, situations escalate — causing uncertainty for tenants and financial loss for landlords.

The Rent Arrears Framework sets out a clear, stage-based process for handling arrears situations. It defines responsibilities, standards for communication and documentation, and the legal thresholds relevant to formal escalation in England and Wales.

The framework is a public interest initiative. It is not a commercial service, a legal firm, or an enforcement body.

The framework covers

  • The full lifecycle of a rent arrears situation
  • Responsibilities of landlords and tenants at each stage
  • Standards for communication and record-keeping
  • Legal thresholds and formal notice requirements
  • Guidance on early resolution and repayment

Who the framework is for

Landlords and letting agents

Use the framework as a reference standard for managing arrears situations consistently and in accordance with current law.

Landlord guidance →

Tenants

Understand what to expect if arrears arise, what your obligations are, and what options are available to you.

Tenant guidance →

Housing professionals

Housing advisers, local authorities, and legal professionals may reference the framework when advising parties in an arrears situation.

About the framework →

The Arrears Lifecycle

The framework organises arrears situations into six stages. Each stage reflects a meaningful point in the process, with clear guidance on what action is appropriate.

Stage 1
Early Arrears A payment is missed or insufficient. Prompt identification and first contact.
Stage 2
Initial Communication Formal written notice confirming the arrears and requesting payment or contact.
Stage 3
Managed Arrears A repayment arrangement is agreed and monitored.
Stage 4
Formal Notice Stage A Section 8 notice is served where the legal threshold is met.
Stage 5
Recovery and Escalation Pre-litigation steps and specialist recovery involvement.
Stage 6
Legal Proceedings County court possession claim where all earlier stages are exhausted.
View the full Arrears Lifecycle with guidance for each stage →

A note on the wider ecosystem

The Rent Arrears Framework is an independent, not-for-profit guidance initiative. It does not operate commercially and does not provide collections, enforcement, or legal services.

Organisations working in rent arrears handling may choose to adopt the framework and follow its standards. One such organisation is The Tenant Arrears Collections Office (TACO), which assists landlords with structured arrears recovery and, where necessary, county court claims. TACO operates in accordance with the framework's principles and stages. The framework itself remains independent of any individual organisation that follows it.